This factor is different from instability. While many states suffer from coups, sudden revolutions or rebellions, external interventions, internal conflicts and elite wars, many other factors contribute to the uncertainty of the fates of many nations, states, and ideologies that still exist but are always in crises. For instance, the Palestinian and Israeli conflict can not be ignored, bypassed or led to the elimination of each side; however, no one can predict what will happen next, between these two sides of conflict, an uncertain future. The same applies to the Kurds in Iran, Iraq, Turkey and Syria. Also, the future of Islamic groups and Islamic regimes is uncertain. The strongest Islamic leader, Ali Khamenei, was inches away from a potential Israeli attack in June 2025, though it might not have led to the fall of his regime. The future of ISyria, Yemen and many other states in the region is not certain despite having strong armies, proxies and global partners. Our colleagues contribute to addressing the elements of uncertainty on this page.